What does the term "tuning" refer to in terms of engine performance?

Tuning refers to the process of adjusting various engine parameters to optimize performance, efficiency, and emissions. This can involve modifying settings such as air-fuel mixtures, ignition timing, and exhaust flow. By fine-tuning these parameters, an engine can achieve better fuel efficiency, enhanced power output, and reduced emissions, leading to improved overall performance.

Effective tuning often requires an understanding of engine dynamics and may involve the use of tools like a dynamometer and an engine management system. The goal is to ensure that the engine runs smoothly under a variety of conditions, ultimately enhancing the driving experience.

Options related to changing oil, installing new spark plugs, or rebuilding engine parts do involve maintenance and can contribute to an engine's performance, but they do not encompass the broader concept of tuning, which specifically focuses on the adjustment of engine parameters for optimization.